Panduan Penulisan
Intervensi Nonfarmakologis sebagai Solusi Kelelahan pada Pasien Kanker Payudara: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematik
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ABSTRACT
Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms experienced by breast cancer patients, particularly during chemotherapy. Pharmacological management often remains insufficient, highlighting the need for safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions. To systematically identify and analyze various non-pharmacological interventions used to manage fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study employed a systematic review method following the PRISMA and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Literature was searched from databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Sagejournal using PICOT-based keywords. Included articles were Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) studies, published in English between 2015 and 2025.Results: Out of 585 articles identified, 6 met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies demonstrated the effectiveness of several non-pharmacological interventions in reducing cancer-related fatigue, including ATAS acupuncture, structured physical exercise programs (aerobic and strength training), yoga, and traditional Chinese herbal medicine (XBYRT). These interventions also showed additional benefits on sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and overall quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions show significant potential in alleviating fatigue among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. A holistic approach that integrates physical, psychological, and spiritual strategies is recommended to improve patient well-being. Further large-scale and long-term studies are warranted to strengthen these findings.
Keywords: Breast Cancer, Chemotherapy, Fatigue Non-Pharmacological Interventions
ABSTRAK
Kelelahan merupakan salah satu gejala paling umum dan melemahkan yang dialami pasien kanker payudara, terutama selama menjalani kemoterapi. Penanganan kelelahan dengan pendekatan farmakologis seringkali belum optimal, sehingga diperlukan strategi tambahan berupa intervensi nonfarmakologis yang aman dan efektif. Mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis secara sistematik berbagai intervensi nonfarmakologis yang digunakan untuk mengatasi kelelahan pada pasien kanker payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review dengan mengacu pada panduan PRISMA dan Joanna Briggs Institute Guideline. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui database PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Sagejournal dengan kata kunci sesuai format PICOT. Artikel yang dianalisis berjenis Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), berbahasa Inggris, dan dipublikasikan dalam rentang 2015–2025. Dari 585 artikel yang ditemukan, sebanyak 6 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Intervensi nonfarmakologis yang terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan kelelahan meliputi akupunktur ATAS, program latihan fisik (aerobik dan kekuatan), yoga, dan ramuan herbal TCM (XBYRT). Efek positif juga terlihat pada aspek tambahan seperti kualitas tidur, kecemasan, depresi, dan kualitas hidup pasien. Intervensi nonfarmakologis terbukti memberikan manfaat signifikan dalam mengurangi kelelahan pada pasien kanker payudara selama kemoterapi. Penggabungan pendekatan fisik, psikologis, dan spiritual melalui intervensi yang terencana dapat menjadi strategi holistik dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan jumlah sampel lebih besar dan durasi yang lebih panjang untuk memperkuat temuan ini.
Kata Kunci: Intervensi Nonfarmakologis, Kanker Payudara, Kelelahan, Kemoterapi.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v7i10.22320
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