Penatalaksanaan Impetigo : Infeksi Bakteri Kulit yang Paling Umum

Komang Ria Yuliana Santhi, Rasmi Zakiah Oktarlina

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Bacterial skin infections are among the most frequently encountered health problems, particularly affecting pre-school and school-aged children. One of the most common superficial skin infections is impetigo, caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, and characterized by fragile pustular lesions that form honey-colored crusts. Transmission occurs through direct skin contact or indirectly via contaminated objects. Effective management of impetigo requires accurate diagnosis, proper selection of both topical and systemic antibiotic therapies, and preventive measures to halt further transmission. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by analyzing scientific journals focusing on the effectiveness and safety of antibiotic treatments, challenges related to resistance, and relevant prevention strategies. The review reveals that topical antibiotics such as mupirocin, fusidic acid, retapamulin, and ozenoxacin are effective for mild to moderate cases, while systemic antibiotics are reserved for more severe or widespread infections. Preventive efforts that emphasize personal hygiene and environmental sanitation also play a crucial role in breaking the chain of transmission. A comprehensive and rational approach to impetigo management can enhance treatment outcomes and reduce complications across various levels of healthcare services.

 

Keywords: Impetigo, Skin Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Antibiotics

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Infeksi kulit akibat bakteri merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering ditemui, terutama pada anak-anak usia pra-sekolah hingga usia sekolah. Salah satu bentuk infeksi kulit superfisial yang paling umum adalah impetigo, yang disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogenes, dengan gejala khas berupa lesi pustularyang mudah pecah dan membentuk krusta berwarna madu. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun tidak langsung dengan benda yang terkontaminasi. Penatalaksanaan impetigo membutuhkan diagnosis yang akurat, pemilihan terapi antibiotik yang tepat baik topikal maupun sistemik, serta langkah-langkah pencegahan untuk menghindari penyebaran lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menganalisis jurnal ilmiah yang membahas efektivitas dan keamanan terapi antibiotik, tantangan resistensi, serta strategi pencegahan yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa antibiotik topikal seperti mupirocin, asam fusidat, retapamulin, dan ozenoxacin efektif untuk kasus ringan hingga sedang, sementara antibiotik sistemikdigunakan pada kasus yang berat atau meluas. Strategi pencegahan berbasis kebersihan diri dan lingkungan juga memainkan peran penting dalam memutus rantai penularan. Dengan pendekatan yang komprehensif dan rasional, impetigo dapat ditangani secara efektif dan komplikasi dapat diminimalkan di berbagai tingkat layanan kesehatan.

 

Kata Kunci: Impetigo, Infeksi Kulit, Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococcus Pyogenes, Antibiotik


Kata Kunci


Impetigo; Infeksi Kulit; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyogenes; Antibiotik

Teks Lengkap:

Download Artikel

Referensi


Bowen, A. C., Tong, S. Y. C., Andrews, R. M., O’Meara, I. M., McDonald, M. I., Chatfield, M. D., Currie, B. J., & Carapetis, J. R. (2014). Short-course oral co-trimoxazole versus intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin for impetigo in a highly endemic region: an open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet, 384(9960), 2132–2140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60841-2

D’Cunha, N. M., Peterson, G. M., Baby, K. E., & Thomas, J. (2018). Impetigo: A need for new therapies in a world of increasing antimicrobial resistance. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 43(1), 150–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12639

Deralitha, & Ernawati, T. (2024). Holistic Management of Impetigo in 12 Years Old Girl at Kampung Sawah Community Health Center through a Family Medicine Approach. MEDULA: Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 14(7). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53089/medula.v14i7.1202

Fitriyani, N. W., & Murlistyarini, S. (2022). Tinjauan Literatur: Mikrobiom Pada Kulit Dalam Prespektif Dermatologi. Majalah Kesehatan, 9(2), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.21776/majalahkesehatan.2022.009.02.7

Gahlawat, G., Tesfaye, W., Bushell, M., Abrha, S., Peterson, G. M., Mathew, C., Sinnollareddy, M., McMillan, F., Samarawickrema, I., Calma, T., Chang, A. Y., Engelman, D., Steer, A., & Thomas, J. (2021). Emerging Treatment Strategies for Impetigo in Endemic and Nonendemic Settings: A Systematic Review. Clinical Therapeutics, 43(6), 986–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.04.013

Galindo, E., & Hebert, A. A. (2021). A comparative review of current topical antibiotics for impetigo. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 20(6), 677–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2021.1902502

Hall, L. M., Gorges, H. J., van Driel, M., Magin, P., Francis, N., & Heal, C. F. (2022). International comparison of guidelines for management of impetigo: a systematic review. Family Practice, 39(1), 150–158. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmab066

Hebert, A. A., Albareda, N., Rosen, T., Torrelo, A., Grimalt, R., Rosenberg, N., Zsolt, I., & Masramon, X. (2018). Topical Antibacterial Agent for Treatment of Adult and Pediatric Patients With Impetigo: Pooled Analysis of Phase 3 Clinical Trials. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD, 17(10), 1051–1057. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30365584

Indahsari, V. R. (2021). Topical Antibiotics in the Management of Impetigo. Jurnal Medika Hutama, 2(4). https://jurnalmedikahutama.com/index.php/JMH/article/view/248/

Koning, S., Suijlekom-Smit, L. W. A. van, Nouwen, J. L., Verduin, C. M., Bernsen, R. M. D., Oranje, A. P., Thomas, S., & Wouden, J. C. van der. (2002). Fusidic acid cream in the treatment of impetigo in general practice: double blind randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ, 324(7331), 203–203. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7331.203

Koning, S., van der Wouden, J. C., Chosidow, O., Twynholm, M., Singh, K. P., Scangarella, N., & Oranje, A. P. (2008). Efficacy and safety of retapamulin ointment as treatment of impetigo: randomized double-blind multicentre placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Dermatology, 158(5), 1077–1082. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08485.x

Kumar, M. (2020). Comparative Assessment of Fusidic Acid and Mupirocin in Patients Suffered from Impetigo. International Journal of Health and Clinical Research, 3(8). https://www.ijhcr.com/index.php/ijhcr/article/view/355#:~:text=The data generated from the,acid is still prevalent today.

Nardi, N. M., & Schaefer, T. J. (2025). Impetigo. In StatPearls. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30582783

Oganesyan, A., Sivesind, T., & Dellavalle, R. (2021). From the Cochrane Library: Interventions for Impetigo. JMIR Dermatology, 4(2), e33433. https://doi.org/10.2196/33433

Rizky, F. M. (2020). Karakteristik Penderita Impetigo Pada Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Soekardjo Kota Tasikmalaya. Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya.

Rosen, T., Albareda, N., Rosenberg, N., Alonso, F. G., Roth, S., Zsolt, I., & Hebert, A. A. (2018). Efficacy and Safety of Ozenoxacin Cream for Treatment of Adult and Pediatric Patients With Impetigo. JAMA Dermatology, 154(7), 806. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.1103

Stevens, D. L., Bisno, A. L., Chambers, H. F., Dellinger, E. P., Goldstein, E. J. C., Gorbach, S. L., Hirschmann, J. V., Kaplan, S. L., Montoya, J. G., & Wade, J. C. (2014). Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 59(2), e10–e52. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu296

Stevens, D. L., & Bryant, A. E. (2016). Impetigo, Erysipelas and Cellulitis. In Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11929358

Subba Reddy, J. V., Rao, V. M., Madhavulu, B., Kudagi, B. L., & Rama Mohan, P. (2019). A randomized open label parallel group study comparing the safety, effectiveness and adherence between 2% fusidic acid cream versus 1% retapamulin ointment in children with impetigo. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 8(3), 446. https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20190556

Velappan, R., Ramasamy, S., Venu, S., & Chandrasekar, M. (2019). A randomised open label comparative study evaluating the effectiveness, adherence and safety between 2% mupirocin ointment and 2% fusidic acid cream in children with impetigo. International Journal of Research in Dermatology, 5(3), 511. https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20192095

Zubair Ahmed, F., & Anusharani, M. V. (2019). Efficacy and cost effectiveness comparision between fusidic acid and mupirocin for impetigo. IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology, 4(3), 100–104. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcaap.2019.021




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v7i8.21089

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


Penerbit: Universitas Malahayati

 Creative Commons License

Semua artikel dapat digunakan dibawah lisensi Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License