Intervensi Psikoedukasi Pada Anak dengan HIV/AIDS: Sebuah Model Pendekatan Humanistik bagi Anak dan Lingkungan Komunitas Dalam Menghadapi Stigma di Yayasan Vina Smart Era (VSE)
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ABSTRAK
Stigma terhadap HIV/AIDS masih tinggi, tidak mudah bagi masyarakat untuk menerima penderita HIV/AIDS hidup secara normal di tengah-tengah mereka. Ketakutan akan terjadinya penularan serta keyakinan bahwa penderita akan memberikan kesialan pada lingkungan mereka, merupakan tantangan dalam menangani dampak sosial HIV/AIDS. Anak-anak penderita HIV/AIDS tentu akan dirugikan manakala mereka ditolak di sekolah-sekolah karena ketakutan guru akan penularan virus, penolakan teman sebaya untuk bermain bersama. Namun apabila status HIV mereka tidak disampaikan, maka tidak menutup kemungkinan anak-anak lain di sekolah tersebut akan terancam tertular melalui transmisi darah walaupun hal tersebut tidak mudah. Sementara pada isu HIV/AIDS jelas, anak adalah korban karena mereka telah membawa virus ini sejak dilahirkan. Namun mereka tidak dapat menikmati perlakuan yang wajar dari lingkungannya karena menderita HIV positif. psikoedukasi adalah salah satu diantara beberapa bentuk intervensi yang dapat mereduksi stigma dalam jangka waktu menengah hingga jangka panjang. Sampel berjumlah 30 responden yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling, hasil rata -rata sebelum dilakukan intervensi skor stigma dengan skor 5,50, hasil rata rata sesudah intervensi pada skor 3,83. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya pengaruh psikoedukasi terhadap stigma sosial pada anak dengan hiv aids (ADHA) dengan uji Paired T-Test dengan nilai p value 0,000 < dari α 0,05, dan ditemukan adanya penurunan rata – rata skala tingkat stigma dari sebelum dilakukan psikoedukasi 5,50 menjadi skala tingkat 3,83 setelah dilakukan psikoedukasi. Stigma yang di terima akan memperburuk kondisi anak dengan hiv/aids. Stigma sosial yang diterim dari luar antra lain: penolakan dari lingkungan rumah. Stigma sosial yang di dapat ini tentunya akan merubah perilaku dan berdampak pada psikologis dan ini akan mempengarhi kualitas hidup bagi anak dengan hiv/aids. Penanganan hiv/aids tidak hanya mengandalkan intervensi ARV namun harus bersifat holsitik, untuk melengkapi pengobatan semua unsur dilibatkan, aspek gizi, complementary, spritualitas, psikososial. Salah satu unsur adalah menghilangkan stigma sosial sehingga akan meningkatkan kualitas hidup.
Kata Kunci: Anak Dengan HIV AIDS, Kualitas Hidup. Psikoedukasi, Stigma Sosial
ABSTRACT
The stigma against HIV/AIDS is still high, it is not easy for society to accept HIV/AIDS sufferers living normally in their midst. Fear of transmission and the belief that sufferers will bring bad luck to their environment, are challenges in dealing with the social impact of HIV/AIDS. Children with HIV/AIDS will certainly be disadvantaged when they are rejected at schools because of teachers' fear of transmitting the virus, and their peers' refusal to play together. However, if their HIV status is not disclosed, it is possible that other children at the school will be at risk of being infected through blood transmission, although this is not easy. Meanwhile, on the issue of HIV/AIDS, it is clear that children are victims because they have carried this virus since birth. However, they cannot enjoy fair treatment from their environment because they are HIV positive. Psychoeducation is one of several forms of intervention that can reduce stigma in the medium to long term. A sample of 30 respondents was taken using the total sampling technique, the average result before the intervention was a stigma score of 5.50, the average result after the intervention was a score of 3.83. The results of statistical tests show the influence of psychoeducation on social stigma in children with HIV/AIDS (ADHA) with a Paired T-Test with a p value of 0.000 <α 0.05, and it was found that there was a decrease in the average scale of the level of stigma from before psychoeducation 5.50 to a scale level of 3.83 after psychoeducation. The stigma received will worsen the condition of children with HIV/AIDS. Social stigma received from outside includes: rejection from the home environment. This social stigma will certainly change behavior and have an impact on psychology and this will affect the quality of life for children with HIV/AIDS. Handling HIV/AIDS does not only rely on ARV intervention but must be holistic, to complete the treatment all elements are involved, nutritional aspects, complementary, spirituality, psychosocial. One element is eliminating social stigma so that it will improve the quality of life.
Keywords: Children with HIV AIDS, Psychoeducation, Social Stigma
Kata Kunci
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v8i9.21899
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