Panduan Penulisan
Edukasi Pelaksanaan Pemeriksaan HIV Pada Ibu Hamil sebagai Upaya Deteksi Dini Penularan dari Ibu Ke Bayi
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ABSTRAK
Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pada ibu hamil merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia yang berkontribusi terhadap angka kesakitan dan kematian ibu serta bayi. Penularan HIV dari ibu ke bayi dapat terjadi selama kehamilan, persalinan, atau melalui ASI. Deteksi dini dan edukasi menjadi langkah penting dalam pencegahan penularan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman ibu hamil tentang HIV/AIDS, meningkatkan cakupan pemeriksaan HIV pada ibu hamil, serta memberikan deteksi dini dan pendampingan bagi ibu hamil yang terdiagnosis HIV positif.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penyuluhan, pemeriksaan HIV sukarela, serta pendampingan bagi ibu hamil yang terdiagnosis HIV positif. Kegiatan dilakukan di Rumah Bersalin AHBS dengan melibatkan 30 ibu hamil sebagai peserta. Data dikumpulkan melalui pre-test dan post-test untuk mengukur peningkatan pemahaman, serta dilakukan analisis terhadap cakupan pemeriksaan HIV dan tindak lanjut bagi ibu hamil dengan hasil reaktif. Sebelum penyuluhan, hanya 30% ibu hamil yang memiliki pemahaman tentang HIV/AIDS, namun setelah penyuluhan, pemahaman meningkat hingga 85%. Cakupan pemeriksaan HIV pada ibu hamil mencapai 80%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan cakupan nasional yang berkisar 60-75%. Dari hasil pemeriksaan, ditemukan 2 ibu hamil dengan hasil reaktif HIV yang kemudian dirujuk untuk mendapatkan terapi ARV guna mencegah penularan ke bayi. Program ini terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran ibu hamil terhadap HIV/AIDS, meningkatkan cakupan pemeriksaan HIV, serta memberikan deteksi dini dan pendampingan bagi ibu hamil dengan HIV positif. Keberlanjutan program ini diperlukan untuk memastikan lebih banyak ibu hamil mendapatkan akses ke edukasi, pemeriksaan, dan perawatan yang diperlukan.
Kata Kunci: HIV/AIDS, Ibu Hamil, Pencegahan, Penyuluhan
ABSTRACT
Infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in pregnant women is one of the major health issues in Indonesia, contributing to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality rates. Mother-to-child HIV transmission can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or through breastfeeding. Early detection and education are essential steps in preventing this transmission. This study aims to improve pregnant women's understanding of HIV/AIDS, increase the coverage of HIV testing among pregnant women, and provide early detection and assistance for those diagnosed with HIV. This study employs methods such as counseling, voluntary HIV testing, and assistance for pregnant women diagnosed with HIV. The activities were conducted at AHBS Maternity Clinic, involving 30 pregnant women as participants. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests to measure the improvement in understanding, and an analysis was conducted on the coverage of HIV testing and follow-up for pregnant women with reactive results. Before counseling, only 30% of pregnant women had an understanding of HIV/AIDS. However, after the counseling session, understanding increased to 85%. The coverage of HIV testing among pregnant women reached 80%, which is higher than the national coverage rate of around 60-75%. From the test results, two pregnant women were found to be HIV-reactive and were subsequently referred for antiretroviral therapy (ARV) to prevent transmission to their babies. This program has proven effective in increasing pregnant women's awareness of HIV/AIDS, expanding HIV testing coverage, and providing early detection and assistance for pregnant women with HIV. The sustainability of this program is necessary to ensure that more pregnant women have access to education, testing, and necessary healthcare services.
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Pregnant Women, Prevention, Counseling
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v8i8.19848
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