Screening Dini Pada Siswa Siswi Sekolah di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Johar Baru

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ABSTRAK

Program Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS) merupakan upaya promotif dan preventif yang dilaksanakan di lingkungan sekolah untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan peserta didik. Salah satu bentuk pelayanan UKS adalah kegiatan screening kesehatan atau penjaringan, yang bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dini permasalahan kesehatan siswa. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di lima sekolah dasar wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Johar Baru, Jakarta Pusat, pada tanggal 5–7 Maret 2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik total sampling, melibatkan 523 siswa kelas 4 hingga 6. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu pendataan awal dan pemeriksaan langsung yang mencakup kebersihan diri, kesehatan gigi dan mulut, status gizi, penglihatan, pendengaran, serta indikasi anemia. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan diuji secara inferensial menggunakan uji Chi-Square (χ²). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 70% siswa memiliki kuku kotor/panjang, 60% mengalami masalah gigi dan mulut, 15,1% memiliki gangguan penglihatan, 8% terindikasi anemia, dan 14% mengalami status gizi tidak normal. Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara jenis kelamin dan kejadian karies gigi (χ² = 4,61; df = 1; p = 0,032), namun tidak signifikan pada anemia (χ² = 1,80; df = 1; p = 0,179). Kesimpulannya, masih banyak siswa yang memerlukan perhatian khusus dalam aspek kebersihan dan kesehatan. Diperlukan intervensi edukatif dan pendampingan berkelanjutan dari guru, orang tua, serta kolaborasi lintas sektor dengan puskesmas untuk memperkuat perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di lingkungan sekolah.

Kata Kunci: Screening Dini, UKS, PHBS, Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Kesehatan Anak

ABSTRACT

The School Health Unit (UKS) is a promotive and preventive program implemented in schools to improve the health status of students. One of its services is health screening, aimed at the early detection of health problems among students. This activity was carried out in five elementary schools under the jurisdiction of the Johar Baru Community Health Center, Central Jakarta, from March 5 to 7, 2024. This study employed a descriptive quantitative method with a total sampling technique involving 523 students from grades 4 to 6. The screening was conducted in two stages: initial data collection and direct examinations, including assessments of personal hygiene, oral health, nutritional status, vision, hearing, and signs of anemia. Data were analyzed descriptively and further tested using the Chi-Square (χ²) statistical test. Results showed that 70% of students had dirty/long fingernails, 60% experienced oral health problems, 15.1% had vision impairment, 8% were suspected of anemia, and 14% had abnormal nutritional status. Chi-Square analysis indicated a significant association between gender and the incidence of dental caries (χ² = 4.61; df = 1; p = 0.032), but no significant association with anemia (χ² = 1.80; df = 1; p = 0.179). In conclusion, many students require more attention regarding personal hygiene and general health. Sustainable educational interventions and support from teachers, parents, and cross-sector collaboration with health centers are essential to foster clean and healthy living behaviors in schools.

Keywords: Early Screening, School Health Unit, Personal Hygiene, Elementary Students, Child Health