The Effectiveness Of Pericardium Acupressure And Peppermint Aromatherapy To Reduce Nausea And Vomiting In Pregnant Women TM I

Septi Indah Permata Sari* -  Faculty of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau, Indonesia
Findy Hindratni -  Faculty of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau, Indonesia
Dewi Septiana -  Faculty of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau, Indonesia
DOI : 10.33024/jkm.v11i4.20050

Latar Belakang: Mual dan muntah merupakan masalah yang terjadi pada trimester I dengan frekuensi muntah kurang dari 5 kali sehari selama kehamilan. Mual dan muntah terjadi pada 60-80% ibu hamil pertama (primigravida) dan 40-60% pada ibu multigravida. Penyebab mual dan muntah ibu hamil tidak diketahui dengan pasti, berdasarkan beberapa ahli menyebutkan mual dan muntah terjadi karena perubahan hormon, imunologis, dan anatomi. Akupresure dan aroma terapi merupakan terapi alternatif yang aman dan non-invasif.

Tujuan Untuk mengetahui perbedaan   efektifitas   terapi   akupresur   dengan  aromaterapi   pappermint   terhadap penurunan emesis gravidarum pada ibu hamil trimester I.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Quasi Experimen dengan design Pretest- Posttest With Control Group. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil trimester I yang datang di Klinik Taman Sari 6 sebanyak masing-masing 15 sample. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan di klinik Taman Sari bulan Februari – Agustus 2022. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Purposive Sampling dengan sample berjumlah 30 orang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara kunjungan rumah, selanjutnya dilakukan pre-test, di lakukan akupresure pada kelompok perlakuan dan aroma terapi peppermint pada kelompok control dalam waktu 3 hari pada pagi hari dan setelah hari ke 3 dilakukan post-test. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini Lembar kuesioner Pregnancy- Unique Quantification of Emesis-24 (PUQE 24). Analisa data secara univariat dan bivariate menggunakan Uji Two Sample T Test.

Hasil :  Hasil analisi univariat dari 15 responden pada masing-masing grup diperoleh rata-rata frekuensi mual dan muntah pada ibu hamil trimester I sebelum diberikan akupresur pada titik perikardium 6 adalah sebesar 2.26 (SD 0.46) dan sesudah diberikan terjadi penurunan frekuensi mual dan muntah dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 1,53 (SD 0.51) ada perbedaan selisih rata-rata frekuensi mual dan muntah antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi yaitu 0,75. Dan rata-rata frekuensi mual dan muntah pada ibu hamil trimester I sebelum diberikan aroma terapi peppermint adalah sebesar 2.33 (SD 0.49) dan sesudah diberikan terjadi penurunan frekuensi mual dan muntah dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 1,8 (SD 0.41) ada perbedaan selisih rata-rata frekuensi mual dan muntah antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi yaitu 0,53. Hasil analisis bivariate dengan uji mann whitney di dapatkan p-value  0,002 < α( 0,05) yang artinya ada pengaruh akupresur pericardium dan aroma terapi peppermin terhadap penurunan emesis gravidarum ibu hamil TM I.

Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh akupresur P6 dan aroma terapi peppermint untuk megurangi mual dan muntah pada ibu hamil TM I.

Saran : Bagi tenaga kesehatan diharapkan untuk menerapkan akupresur pada titik perikardium 6 dan aroma terapi peppermint sebagai alternatif terapi non-farmakologi untuk ibu hamil trimester I dengan mual dan muntah.

 

Kata Kunci : mual, muntah, acupresur P6, aroma terapi peppermint, ibu hamil

 

ABSTRACT

 

Background: Nausea and vomiting are problems that occur in the first trimester with a frequency of vomiting less than 5 times a day during pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting occur in 60-80% of first-time pregnant women (primigravida) and 40-60% of multigravida mothers. The cause of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women is not known for sure, based on several experts, nausea and vomiting occur due to hormonal, immunological, and anatomical changes. Acupressure and aromatherapy are safe and non-invasive alternative therapies.

Purpose: To determine the difference in effectiveness between acupressure therapy and peppermint aromatherapy in reducing emesis gravidarum in pregnant women in the first trimester.

Method: This study is a Quasi Experimental study with a Pretest-Posttest With Control Group design. The population of this study were all pregnant women in the first trimester who came to the Taman Sari 6 Clinic, 15 samples each. The population in this study were all pregnant women who underwent pregnancy check-ups at the Taman Sari clinic in February - August 2022. The sampling technique used Purposive Sampling with a sample of 30 people. The study was conducted by means of home visits, then a pre-test was carried out, acupressure was carried out on the treatment group and peppermint aromatherapy on the control group within 3 days in the morning and after the 3rd day a post-test was carried out. The instrument in this study was the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis-24 (PUQE 24) questionnaire sheet. Univariate and bivariate data analysis used Two Sample T Test.

Results: The results of univariate analysis of 15 respondents in each group obtained the average frequency of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester before being given acupressure at the pericardium point 6 was 2.26 (SD 0.46) and after being given there was a decrease in the frequency of nausea and vomiting with an average value of 1.53 (SD 0.51) there was a difference in the average frequency of nausea and vomiting between before and after the intervention, which was 0.75. And the average frequency of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester before being given peppermint aromatherapy was 2.33 (SD 0.49) and after being given there was a decrease in the frequency of nausea and vomiting with an average value of 1.8 (SD 0.41) there was a difference in the average frequency of nausea and vomiting between before and after the intervention, which was 0.53. The results of the bivariate analysis using the Mann Whitney test obtained a p-value of 0.002 <α(0.05), which means that there is an effect of pericardial acupressure and peppermint aromatherapy on reducing emesis gravidarum in pregnant women in the first trimester.

Conclusion: There is an effect of P6 acupressure and peppermint aromatherapy to reduce nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester.

Suggestion: Health workers are expected to apply acupressure at the pericardium point 6 and peppermint aromatherapy as an alternative non-pharmacological therapy for pregnant women in the first trimester with nausea and vomiting.

 

Keywords: Nausea,Vimoting, P6 Acupressure, Peppermint Aroma Therapy, Pregnant Women

Keywords : mual, muntah, acupresur P6, aroma terapi peppermint, ibu hamil

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